{"id":369,"date":"2026-09-05T10:30:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T10:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ashadocs.org\/?psych_scale=mother-newborn-skin-to-skin-contact-questionnaire"},"modified":"2026-09-05T10:30:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T10:30:17","slug":"mother-newborn-skin-to-skin-contact-questionnaire","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/?psych_scale=mother-newborn-skin-to-skin-contact-questionnaire","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; (The Golden Hour) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/strong> (Immediate Skin-to-Skin Contact) \u0643\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631 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rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WHO)<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0641 (UNICEF)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e.<\/p>\n<h2>2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 <em>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/em> (PRECEDE-PROCEED Model) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0628\u0629 (Predisposing Factors)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221; (Perceived Self-Efficacy)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0629 (Enabling Factors)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a (Nurse-to-Patient Ratio)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 (Reinforcing Factors)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 (Clinical Auditing)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Management Feedback)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (CVI) \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (CVR)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 0.78\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a&#8221; (Face Validity) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a (Exploratory Factor Analysis &#8211; EFA) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (Confirmatory Factor Analysis &#8211; CFA) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a (Convergent) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a (Discriminant) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (RMSEA, CFI, TLI).<\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <em>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/em> (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha) \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 (Composite Reliability) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0646 0.70 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 0.80 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.85 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Test-Retest Reliability) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient &#8211; ICC) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f (Item-Total Correlation \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.30)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> (5-point Likert Scale)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629&#8221; (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629&#8221; (5)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \/ \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221;. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Acquiescence Bias)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 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(\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a-\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a&#8221; (Diagnostic Profile) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: <em>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/em>\u060c \u0648<em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f)<\/em>\u060c \u0648<em>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Benchmarking) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 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\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0643\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062f-\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>13. \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:rtl; text-align:right; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please read each statement carefully and indicate your level of agreement or the frequency of your practice regarding immediate mother-newborn skin-to-skin contact in your clinical setting.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <span class=\"arabpsy-eq\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree, or Never to Always for behavior\/practice items; multiple choice\/true-false for knowledge)<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Predisposing Factors (Attitudes &amp; Beliefs):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Immediate skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn helps stabilize the infant&#039;s body temperature.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth facilitates early initiation of breastfeeding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Early skin-to-skin contact enhances maternal-infant emotional bonding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Implementing skin-to-skin contact reduces postpartum maternal anxiety.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Skin-to-skin contact helps regulate the newborn&#039;s breathing and heart rate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Performing skin-to-skin contact right after birth increases delivery room workload excessively.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Placing the wet, unwashed newborn on the mother&#039;s chest poses a risk of neonatal hypothermia.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Skin-to-skin contact should only be initiated after all routine neonatal assessments and measurements are completed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mothers appreciate and welcome immediate skin-to-skin contact with their newborns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Skin-to-skin contact promotes uterine contractions and decreases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Enabling Factors (Resources, Skills &amp; Environment):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The delivery room environment is adequately warm to support uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Delivery beds and positioning equipment support safe skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Clear clinical protocols and guidelines for immediate skin-to-skin contact are available in our department.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have received formal training and clinical skill workshops on facilitating skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Staffing levels in the delivery unit are sufficient to allow continuous monitoring during skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Essential materials (e.g., warm dry blankets, caps for newborns) are readily accessible at the delivery bedside.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Delivery room workflow and routine procedures allow sufficient time for early skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel fully competent in managing potential complications while the infant is in skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reinforcing Factors (Institutional Support &amp; Peer Norms):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Delivery room supervisors and head midwives actively encourage practicing immediate skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Obstetricians and pediatricians in our hospital support and respect immediate skin-to-skin contact practices.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Colleagues and peers in the labor ward view immediate skin-to-skin contact as a standard clinical priority.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hospital leadership acknowledges and rewards midwives who consistently implement skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mothers&#039; positive feedback and gratitude reinforce my commitment to practicing skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hospital monitoring systems routinely track and evaluate skin-to-skin contact rates.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Behavioral \/ Practice Domain:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I place the naked newborn prone on the mother&#039;s bare chest immediately after birth.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I dry the newborn while in skin-to-skin contact on the mother&#039;s chest and cover both with a warm blanket.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I delay non-urgent routine procedures (e.g., weighing, measuring, bathing) until at least one hour of skin-to-skin contact is achieved.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I assist and encourage the newborn to initiate the first breastfeeding latch during skin-to-skin contact.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I maintain uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between the mother and newborn for at least 60 minutes postpartum.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Green, L. W., &amp; Kreuter, M. W. (2005). <em>Health program planning: An educational and ecological approach<\/em> (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.<\/li>\n<li>Moore, E. R., Bergman, N., Anderson, G. C., &amp; Medley, N. (2016). Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. <em>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews<\/em>, 2016(11), CD003519. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003519.pub4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003519.pub4<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2021). <em>Postnatal care<\/em> (NICE Guideline NG194). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng194\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng194<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stevens, J., Schmied, V., Burns, E., &amp; Dahlen, H. (2014). Immediate or early skin-to-skin contact after a Caesarean section: A review of the literature. <em>Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition<\/em>, 10(4), 456\u2013473. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12128<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization, &amp; UNICEF. (2018). <em>Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: The revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative<\/em>. World Health Organization. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241513807\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241513807<\/a><\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization. (2022). <em>WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant<\/em>. World Health Organization. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240058262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240058262<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1633,1632],"tags":[1635,142,1637,1634,1636],"class_list":["post-369","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-1633","category-1632","tag-1635","tag-142","tag-1637","tag-1634","tag-1636"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=369"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/369\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ashadocs.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}