Dictionary
Arbitrary Symbol: The Architecture of Human Meaning
An arbitrary symbol is a communicative token whose signifier bears no natural or physical resemblance...
# Symbolism
3 results
Scales
Product Design Scale (PDS)
The Product Design Scale (PDS), developed by Homburg, Schwemmle, and Kuehnl (2015), measures consumers' holistic...
September 18, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales
Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS)
The Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer perceptions of brand...
September 5, 2026
•
Dr. Mohammed Looti