Dysfunctional Travel Spending Scale

An in-depth academic review of the Dysfunctional Travel Spending Scale (DTSS), examining its psychometric properties,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Consumer Coping Scale

The Consumer Coping Scale (CCS-Duhachek) is a validated 25-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer cognitive and...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Price Perception Scales (PPS-Price)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Price Perception Scales (PPS-Price) by Lichtenstein, Ridgway, and Netemeyer...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale (STS), developed by Rick, Cryder, and Loewenstein...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Product Retention Tendency Scale

The Product Retention Tendency (PRT) Scale, developed by Haws, Naylor, Coulter, and Bearden (2012), is...

September 11, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Hyperopia Scale

The Hyperopia Scale (HYP), developed by Kelly L. Haws and Cait Poynor (2008), measures consumer...

September 7, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Perceived Price Fairness Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Perceived Price Fairness Scale (PPFS) developed by Margaret C....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS)

The Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS) developed by Biswas and Blair (1991) evaluates consumers' internally...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS)

The Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS) is an authentic psychometric instrument designed to measure a consumer's...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti