Scales

Brand Forgiveness Scale (BFS)

The Brand Forgiveness Scale (BFS) is a validated psychometric instrument measuring consumer willingness to pardon...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Brand Love Scale (BLS)

The Brand Love Scale (BLS), established by Carroll and Ahuvia (2006), measures passionate emotional attachment...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Green Purchase Intention Scale (GPI)

The Green Purchase Intention Scale (GPI), developed by Chen and Chang (2012), is a validated...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

CSR Perceptions Scale (CSRP)

Comprehensive academic overview of the CSR Perceptions Scale (CSRP), examining its theoretical foundations, four-dimensional construct,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Social Commerce Intention Scale

A comprehensive academic evaluation of the Social Commerce Intention Scale (SCI), reviewing its psychometric properties,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Privacy Concern Scale (CPCS)

The Consumer Privacy Concern Scale (CPCS / IUIPC), developed by Malhotra, Kim, and Agarwal (2004),...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

eWOM Credibility Scale (eWOM-CRED)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the eWOM Credibility Scale (eWOM-CRED), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Service Convenience Scale (SERV-CON), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml)

The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS-Zeithaml), developed by Zeithaml, Berry, and Parasuraman (1996), is the gold...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti
Scales

Consumer Confusion Scale

A comprehensive academic guide to the Consumer Confusion Scale (CCS-Walsh), exploring its tripartite structure (Similarity,...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti