Customer Knowledge Development

A psychometric review of the Customer Knowledge Development (CKD) scale (Joshi & Sharma, 2004), measuring...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS) developed by Lawton and Brody...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Product Design Scale (PDS)

The Product Design Scale (PDS), developed by Homburg, Schwemmle, and Kuehnl (2015), measures consumers' holistic...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Consumer Disgust Index (CDI)

The Consumer Disgust Index (CDI) is a validated 2-item psychometric instrument measuring the intensity of...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Market Knowledge Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Market Knowledge Scale (MKTK) developed by Homburg, Artz, and...

September 18, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti