Backward Pairing: Conditioning in Reverse
Backward pairing is a classical conditioning paradigm in which the unconditioned stimulus precedes the conditioned...
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Psychological Dictionary
34 results
Backward Conditioning: Temporal Limits in Learning
Backward conditioning is a classical conditioning procedure where the unconditioned stimulus precedes the conditioned stimulus,...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Backup Reinforcer: Sustaining Token Economies
A backup reinforcer is a primary or secondary reinforcer obtained by exchanging tokens or points...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Unsignaled Avoidance: Mechanics of Silent Fear
Explore the mechanics of unsignaled avoidance (Sidman avoidance), where organisms learn to postpone aversive stimuli...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Response: The Science of Threat Evasion
An avoidance response is a conditioned behavioral or cognitive act that prevents an impending aversive...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Learning: Mechanics & Clinical Impact
Avoidance learning is a behavioral conditioning process where an organism acquires responses to prevent an...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Conditioning: How Fear Shapes Action
Avoidance conditioning is an instrumental learning process where an organism acquires behaviors to preemptively prevent...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Aversive Stimulus: Mechanics of Avoidance
An aversive stimulus is any event, object, or sensory cue that an organism actively seeks...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Aversive Event: Mechanisms of Behavioral Avoidance
Explore the academic definition, neurobiology, and clinical implications of an aversive event, detailing how noxious...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Aversive Conditioning: Principles and Applications
Aversive conditioning is a behavioral learning mechanism where an organism associates a neutral stimulus with...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Aversion Conditioning: Rewiring Habit and Behavior
Aversion conditioning is a behavioral modification paradigm that pairs undesirable stimuli or habits with noxious,...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Autoshaping: Classical Roots of Operant Behavior
Autoshaping is a fundamental conditioning phenomenon where an organism spontaneously directs consummatory responses toward a...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti