Barrier: Understanding Obstacles to Human Action
A barrier denotes any psychological, physical, or systemic obstacle that impedes action, behavior change, or...
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Psychological Dictionary
60 results
Backward Pairing: Conditioning in Reverse
Backward pairing is a classical conditioning paradigm in which the unconditioned stimulus precedes the conditioned...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Backward Conditioning: Temporal Limits in Learning
Backward conditioning is a classical conditioning procedure where the unconditioned stimulus precedes the conditioned stimulus,...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Backup Reinforcer: Sustaining Token Economies
A backup reinforcer is a primary or secondary reinforcer obtained by exchanging tokens or points...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Unsignaled Avoidance: Mechanics of Silent Fear
Explore the mechanics of unsignaled avoidance (Sidman avoidance), where organisms learn to postpone aversive stimuli...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Training: Mechanisms of Aversive Control
Avoidance training is a foundational conditioning paradigm in behavioral psychology where an organism learns to...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Response: The Science of Threat Evasion
An avoidance response is a conditioned behavioral or cognitive act that prevents an impending aversive...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Learning: Mechanics & Clinical Impact
Avoidance learning is a behavioral conditioning process where an organism acquires responses to prevent an...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Gradient: The Mechanics of Retreat
The avoidance gradient is a fundamental psychological principle describing how an organism's motivation to retreat...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Conditioning: How Fear Shapes Action
Avoidance conditioning is an instrumental learning process where an organism acquires behaviors to preemptively prevent...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Avoidance Behavior: The Anatomy of Fear
Avoidance behavior is a transdiagnostic psychological mechanism maintained by negative reinforcement, where individuals evade perceived...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti
Aversive Therapy: Principles, Uses, and Ethics
Aversive therapy is a behavioral intervention that systematically pairs maladaptive behaviors with unpleasant stimuli to...
November 8, 2026
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Dr. Mohammed Looti