Luxury Value Perception Scale

The Luxury Value Perception Scale (LVPS), created by Wiedmann, Hennigs, and Siebels (2009), measures consumer...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Brand Attachment Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Brand Attachment Scale (BA-Park), examining its theoretical foundations in...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Brand Personality Scale (BPS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Brand Personality Scale (BPS) developed by Jennifer Aaker, detailing...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS)

The Sponsorship Authenticity Scale (SAS) is a 15-item psychometric instrument measuring consumer perceptions of brand...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Consumer Engagement Scale (CES-Brand)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Consumer Engagement Scale (CES-Brand) developed by Hollebeek, Glynn, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Perceived Risk Scale (PRS)

A comprehensive academic evaluation of the Perceived Risk Scale (PRS) established by Jacoby and Kaplan...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM)

A comprehensive academic analysis of Peter van Westendorp's Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM), detailing its psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU)

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU / CNFU) developed by...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Brand Equity Scale (BE-Yoo)

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Brand Equity Scale (BE-Yoo) developed by Boonghee Yoo and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber), detailing its regression-based scoring formula, psychometric...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Online Trust Scale (OTS)

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Online Trust Scale (OTS) developed by Gefen, Karahanna, and...

September 5, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti