Anti-Consumption Scale (ACS)

The Anti-Consumption Scale (ACS) is a comprehensive psychometric instrument designed to measure deliberate, voluntary non-consumption...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Consumers’ Ethical Beliefs Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Consumers' Ethical Beliefs Scale (CEBS), examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Store Price Image Scale (SPIS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Store Price Image Scale (SPIS), developed by Stephan Zielke....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Perceived Price Fairness Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Perceived Price Fairness Scale (PPFS) developed by Margaret C....

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS)

The Internal Reference Price Scale (IRPS) developed by Biswas and Blair (1991) evaluates consumers' internally...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Price Mavenism Scale (PMS)

A definitive academic review of the Price Mavenism Scale (PMS), an instrument designed to assess...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS)

The Price–Quality Schema Scale (PQS) is an authentic psychometric instrument designed to measure a consumer's...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Relationship Quality Scale (RQS)

A comprehensive academic psychometric review of the Relationship Quality Scale (RQS), measuring Trust, Commitment, and...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Sponsorship Fit and Congruence Scale

A comprehensive academic analysis of the Sponsorship Fit and Congruence Scale (SFCS), exploring its functional...

September 6, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti