Negative Affective Response (NAR)

The Negative Affective Response (NAR) scale is a 6-item psychometric instrument measuring the subjective intensity...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Product Aesthetic Appeal

A comprehensive psychometric review of the Product Aesthetic Appeal (PAA) scale developed by Wu et...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Ad Message Concrete Construal Level

The Ad Message Concrete Construal Level (AMCL-C) scale is a 3-item psychometric instrument designed to...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Word-of-Mouth Likelihood Scale (WOMG)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Word-of-Mouth Likelihood Scale (WOMG) developed by Yinlong Zhang, Lawrence Feick,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Positive Word-of-Mouth Intention Scale

A comprehensive psychometric guide to the Positive Word-of-Mouth Intention Scale (PWOM), assessing construct validity, reliability,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Negative Word-of-Mouth Scale (NEGWOM)

Comprehensive academic overview of the Negative Word-of-Mouth Scale (NEGWOM) by Ashley & Noble (2014), detailing...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Stimulus Vividness Scale (STVV)

The Stimulus Vividness Scale (STVV) is a 4-item semantic differential scale developed by Andrews et...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Visual Processing Fluency Scale (VPFL)

The Visual Processing Fluency Scale (VPFL) is a three-item psychometric instrument developed by Ulrich R....

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti