Performance Improvement Expectancy

Comprehensive psychometric review and scale profile of the Performance Improvement Expectancy (PIE) scale developed by...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Active Participation (AP)

A comprehensive psychometric overview of the Active Participation (AP) scale (Müller-Stewens et al., 2017), examining...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Personal Economic Optimism (PEO)

The Personal Economic Optimism (PEO) scale measures forward-looking beliefs regarding personal financial trajectories, income growth,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Need for Social Status (NSS)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Need for Social Status (NSS) scale, covering psychometric properties,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Retail Store Loyalty Intentions (RSLI)

A comprehensive academic guide to the Retail Store Loyalty Intentions (RSLI) scale, a psychometrically validated...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Local Consumer Self-Identity (LCSI)

An in-depth academic review of the Local Consumer Self-Identity (LCSI) scale, examining its theoretical foundations,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

General Shopping Involvement (GSI)

The General Shopping Involvement (GSI) scale is a psychometric instrument designed to assess an individual's...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Escapist Internet Usage Motivation (EIUM)

A comprehensive academic and psychometric examination of the Escapist Internet Usage Motivation (EIUM) scale, detailing...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti

Advertisement Interestingness (AI)

The Advertisement Interestingness (AI) scale is a 4-item, 7-point semantic differential instrument developed by Chen,...

September 12, 2026 • Dr. Mohammed Looti